The Spotfin Lionfish (Pterois antennata), also known as the Broadbarred Lionfish or Ragged-finned Lionfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae. It was first formally described in 1801 by Marcus Bloch. The specific name antennata means "antennaed" in reference to the long tentacles above the eyes.

Distribution and Habitat

The Spotfin Lionfish is found in the Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea and East Africa to the Society Islands, north to southern Japan and south to northern Australia. It inhabits coral reefs and rocky substrates at depths from 3 to 50 meters. It prefers clear water on outer reef slopes and in lagoons where it shelters under overhangs and in caves.

Physical Description

The Spotfin Lionfish reaches a maximum total length of 25 cm (9.8 in). The body is reddish-brown with six to seven broad dark vertical bands separated by narrow pale bars. The pectoral fins are large and fan-shaped with the rays extending beyond the membrane to form long filaments. The dorsal fin has 13 spines and 11-12 soft rays. The most distinctive feature is the long, banded tentacles above the eyes that can be longer than the head. The head is large with a sloping profile.

Diet and Feeding

The Spotfin Lionfish is a carnivorous ambush predator that feeds on small fish and crustaceans. It uses its pectoral fins to herd prey and its long tentacles may serve as lures. In the aquarium it readily accepts frozen foods including mysis shrimp, brine shrimp, and chopped fish.

Behavior and Reproduction

This species is solitary and nocturnal. During the day it rests in caves and under overhangs. It is generally peaceful toward larger tankmates but will eat any fish or shrimp that fits in its mouth. Reproduction involves the release of a buoyant egg mass.

Aquarium Care

The Spotfin Lionfish requires a tank of at least 50 gallons with ample live rock and hiding places. It is generally reef-safe with caution. It is compatible with larger peaceful fish. This species is relatively hardy and adapts well to captivity. Water temperature should be maintained between 72-82 F (22-28 C) with pH 8.1-8.4 and dKH 8-12.

Conservation Status

Classified as Least Concern by the IUCN Red List.