The Soldier Lionfish (Pterois miles), also known as the Devil Lionfish or Indian Lionfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae. It was first formally described in 1828 by the German naturalist Eduard Ruppell. The specific name miles means "soldier" in Latin. This species is very similar in appearance to Pterois volitans and the two are often confused.

Distribution and Habitat

The Soldier Lionfish is found in the Indian Ocean from the Red Sea and East Africa to the Andaman Sea and western Indonesia. It inhabits coral reefs, rocky substrates, and lagoons at depths from 1 to 50 meters. It prefers areas with caves and overhangs where it can shelter during the day. Unlike Pterois volitans, this species has not become established as an invasive species in the Atlantic.

Physical Description

The Soldier Lionfish reaches a maximum total length of 35 cm (13.8 in). The body is reddish-brown with darker vertical bands. The pectoral fins are large and fan-shaped with long, free rays. The dorsal fin has 13 spines and 10-11 soft rays. It can be distinguished from Pterois volitans by having fewer pectoral fin rays (14 vs 15-16) and a different pattern of spots on the anal fin. The head is large with a sloping profile and the mouth is terminal.

Diet and Feeding

The Soldier Lionfish is a carnivorous ambush predator that feeds on small fish and crustaceans. It uses its large pectoral fins to corner prey before striking. In the aquarium it readily accepts frozen foods including mysis shrimp, brine shrimp, and chopped fish. It should be fed 2-3 times per week.

Behavior and Reproduction

This species is solitary and nocturnal. During the day it rests in caves and under overhangs. It is generally peaceful toward larger tankmates but will eat any fish or shrimp that fits in its mouth. Reproduction involves the release of a buoyant egg mass that floats at the surface. The larvae are pelagic.

Aquarium Care

The Soldier Lionfish requires a tank of at least 75 gallons with ample live rock and hiding places. It is generally reef-safe with caution. It is compatible with larger peaceful fish. This species is hardy and adapts well to captivity. Water temperature should be maintained between 72-82 F (22-28 C) with pH 8.1-8.4 and dKH 8-12.

Conservation Status

Classified as Least Concern by the IUCN Red List.