The Dwarf/Zebra Lionfish (Dendrochirus zebra), also known as the Zebra Lionfish or Dwarf Zebra Lionfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae. It was first formally described in 1829 by Georges Cuvier. The specific name zebra refers to the distinctive zebra-like striping pattern on the body.

Distribution and Habitat

The Dwarf/Zebra Lionfish is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea and East Africa to the Society Islands, north to southern Japan and south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. It is found on coral reefs and rocky substrates at depths from 3 to 80 meters. It prefers sheltered areas with caves and overhangs where it can hide during the day.

Physical Description

The Dwarf/Zebra Lionfish reaches a maximum total length of 25 cm (9.8 in). The body is reddish-brown with five to six dark vertical bands and numerous thin pale crossbars. The pectoral fins are large and fan-shaped with the lower rays free from the membrane. The dorsal fin has 13 spines and 10-11 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 6-7 soft rays. The head is large with a sloping profile and the mouth is terminal with small villiform teeth. The fleshy tentacles above the eyes are short and banded.

Diet and Feeding

The Dwarf/Zebra Lionfish is a carnivorous ambush predator that feeds on small fish and crustaceans. It uses its pectoral fins to herd prey into a corner before striking with remarkable speed. In the aquarium it readily accepts frozen foods such as mysis shrimp, brine shrimp, and chopped fish or shrimp. It should be fed 2-3 times per week to prevent overfeeding.

Behavior and Reproduction

This species is solitary and nocturnal. During the day it remains hidden in crevices and caves. It is generally peaceful toward tankmates that are too large to be eaten. Reproduction in the wild involves the release of a buoyant egg mass that floats at the surface. The larvae are pelagic and drift with the currents before settling on the reef.

Aquarium Care

The Dwarf/Zebra Lionfish requires a tank of at least 50 gallons with ample hiding places and live rock. It is generally reef-safe with caution as it will eat small fish and ornamental shrimp. It is compatible with larger peaceful fish. Water parameters should be maintained at temperature 72-82 F (22-28 C), pH 8.1-8.4, and dKH 8-12. It is a hardy species that adapts well to captivity.

Conservation Status

Classified as Least Concern by the IUCN Red List.